2. Cameron Fighting the EU and His Own Party: Preparing for Brexit
Not in the sense of a solution to the British withdrawal from the EU, but in role in the election campaign before the EU referendum on 23 June By the way, with a big British bookmaker last week the odds for a Brexit. Bookmakers dramatically reversed the odds on Britain leaving the European Union on Friday as early results from a historic referendum pointed to strong. to remain in the European Union soared to 78 percent on Monday, up from a range between 60 and 67 percent on Friday, according to Betfair betting odds.Eu Referendum Odds Latest Insight Video
EU referendum: welcome to the divided, angry Kingdom - Anywhere but WestminsterThese focus on UK sovereignty, economic competitiveness, immigration and welfare. The last two will be contentious and could meet stiff opposition from leaders of countries such as Poland.
At home, Cameron's demands were described as "unambitious" and " pretty thin gruel" by Eurosceptics, including those within the Conservative Party.
In September, a Yougov poll gave the Brexit a two point lead over those who want Britain to stay in Europe. That was, though, the first time in a year that public support appeared to favour leaving.
Now that we know what reforms Cameron wants from the EU, it will be interesting to see if support moves to the in or out camps. Cameron's critics say it's obvious that he wants Britain to stay in the EU and they're probably correct.
It's difficult to envisage, for example, the PM opposing the British business establishment, the majority of which is keen to stay in.
He would also have the support of the Lib Dems and the majority of the Labour Party. Before he nails his colours to the staying in mast, however, Cameron must persuade influential Conservative figures, including Boris Johnson , who's trading at 5.
If Cameron can do that, the smart money is on a government-led "In" campaign to prevail. The "Out" campaign is not without its own problems.
The referendum result also had an immediate impact on some other countries. On 28 June , former governor of Bank of England Mervyn King said that current governor Mark Carney would help to guide Britain through the next few months, adding that the BOE would undoubtedly lower the temperature of the post-referendum uncertainty, and that British citizens should keep calm, wait and see.
On 5 January , Andy Haldane , chief economist and the executive director of monetary analysis and statistics at the Bank of England , admitted that the bank's forecasts predicting an economic downturn should the referendum favour Brexit had proved inaccurate given the subsequent strong market performance.
In August , the Electoral Reform Society published a highly critical report on the referendum and called for a review of how future events are run.
Contrasting it very unfavourably with the 'well-informed grassroots' campaign for Scottish independence , Katie Ghose described it as "dire" with "glaring democratic deficiencies" which left voters bewildered.
Looking ahead, the society called for an official organisation to highlight misleading claims and for Office of Communications Ofcom to define the role that broadcasters were expected to play.
David Dimbleby announced it with the words:. Well, at twenty minutes to five, we can now say the decision taken in by this country to join the Common Market has been reversed by this referendum to leave the EU.
We are absolutely clear now that there is no way that the Remain side can win. It looks as if the gap is going to be something like 52 to 48, so a four-point lead for leaving the EU, and that is the result of this referendum, which has been preceded by weeks and months of argument and dispute and all the rest of it.
The British people have spoken and the answer is: we're out! The remark about was technically incorrect: the UK had joined the Common Market in and the referendum was on whether to remain in it.
On 9 May , Leave. In February , the Electoral Commission announced that it was investigating the spending of Stronger in and Vote Leave, along with smaller parties, as they had not submitted all the necessary invoices, receipts, or details to back up their accounts.
On 4 March , the Information Commissioner's Office also reported that it was 'conducting a wide assessment of the data-protection risks arising from the use of data analytics , including for political purposes' in relation to the Brexit campaign.
It was specified that among the organisations to be investigated was Cambridge Analytica and its relationship with the Leave.
EU campaign. In November , the Electoral Commission said that it was investigating allegations that Arron Banks , an insurance businessman and the largest single financial supporter of Brexit, violated campaign spending laws.
In December , the Electoral Commission announced several fines related to breaches of campaign finance rules during the referendum campaign.
In May , the Electoral Commission fined Leave. The Electoral Commission's director of political finance and regulation and legal counsel said that the "level of fine we have imposed has been constrained by the cap on the commission's fines".
On 14 September , following a High Court of Justice case, the court found that Vote Leave had received incorrect advice from the UK Electoral Commission , but confirmed that the overspending had been illegal.
Vote Leave subsequently said they would not have paid it without the advice. In February , the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Select Committee's month investigation into disinformation and fake news published its final report, [] calling for and inquiry to establish, in relation to the referendum, "what actually happened with regard to foreign influence, disinformation, funding, voter manipulation, and the sharing of data, so that appropriate changes to the law can be made and lessons can be learnt for future elections and referenda".
In the run-up to the Brexit referendum, Russian President Vladimir Putin refrained from taking a public position on Brexit, [] but Prime Minister David Cameron suggested that Russia "might be happy" with a positive Brexit vote, while the Remain campaign accused the Kremlin of secretly backing a "Leave" vote in the referendum.
Not only in the UK but all over the world. But Russia has nothing to do with Brexit at all. We're not involved in this process.
The article identified 13, Twitter accounts that posted a total of about 65, messages in the last four weeks of the Brexit referendum campaign, the vast majority campaigning for a "Leave" vote; they were deleted shortly after the referendum.
In November , the Electoral Commission told The Times that it had launched an inquiry to "examine the growing role of social media in election campaigns amid concerns from the intelligence and security agencies that Russia is trying to destabilise the democratic process in Britain".
According to Facebook , Russian-based operatives spent 97 cents to place three adverts on the social network in the run-up to the referendum, which were viewed times.
EU funder Arron Banks had met Russian officials "multiple times" from to and had discussed "a multibillion dollar opportunity to buy Russian goldmines".
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, National vote to advise Parliament on whether the UK should remain a member of, or leave, the European Union.
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Foreign Relations. High Representative. Foreign relations of EU Member States. Other countries. See also: European Union Referendum Act See also: Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit.
For the positions of backbench MPs and other politicians, see Endorsements in the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
Further information: Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit. Further information: International reactions to the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
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Main article: Economic effects of Brexit. Main article: Unlawful campaigning in the EU referendum. Main article: Russian interference in the Brexit referendum.
Later, a private prosecution was launched against Boris Johnson for misconduct in public office ; the case was thrown out.
Retrieved 24 December World Bank. Retrieved 23 December BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 January Retrieved 1 February Archived from the original on 27 July The Guardian.
Archived from the original on 23 February Archived from the original on 18 June Daily Telegraph. The Observer.
Retrieved 2 June The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 January Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 19 February Retrieved 14 July Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Retrieved 8 August Financial Times. Retrieved 5 July Press Association. The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 May Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 22 June Retrieved 28 May Green Party of England and Wales.
Retrieved 26 April Respect Party. Conservative Party. Retrieved 16 May Retrieved 8 June Retrieved 12 June Politico EU. Retrieved 24 July Retrieved 29 June The Independent.
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Retrieved 15 February Retrieved 22 December Retrieved 17 June Retrieved 11 April About My Vote. Electoral Commission. Vote Leave.
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Retrieved 5 March Archived from the original on 20 December So, after this was scaled up to the whole population the results were skewed.
I feel that opinion polls can also be used to give the false impression that one side or the other is winning thus boosting their campaign.
How the pollsters got it wrong on the EU referendum. Of polls carried out since the EU referendum wording was decided last September, fewer than a third 55 in all predicted a leave vote.
The actual result on the night came in at Just 16 of individual polls predicted a split in favour of leave. Polls did give a sense of the swing to leave in the first weeks of June, but edged back to favour remain in the final days before the vote.
Just two of six polls released the day before the referendum — those carried out TNS and Opinium — gave leave the edge.
Polling has essentially been tied on whether or not Britain will stay with the EU. However, in all polls there are a non-trivial number of undecided voters.
Historically, undecided voters tend to vote for the status-quo, making a Brexit unlikely but still a possibility. Following that sort of reasoning leads to people having at least some sense of what the results will be like.
However, I don't think that the outcome is certain, and people who do claim to be very very confidant probably should not be. This was mainly based on privately conducted measuring e.
Such polls would be undertaken largely for the hedge funds looking to profit from their privetly collected information He's confident those figures hold true.
That holds true for those too young to vote that summer, says YouGov research manager Chris Curtis. He adds: "Increasingly, age is becoming the biggest dividing line in British politics," he says.
Age is a major indicator on political party affiliation and opinions on migration, he adds. While age clearly matters, there are plenty of assumptions underpinning these calculations.
To start, no official breakdown of vote demographics was released for the EU referendum held in June , though exit polls suggest age mattered.
An analysis from IpsosMori suggested 75 per cent of those aged 18 to 24 voted to remain, while two-thirds of those over 65 voted to leave. An average of multiple polls by Survation suggested 70 per cent of the younger cohort voted to remain, while 60 per cent of those over 65 wanted to leave.
That carries through to those who were too young to vote at the time, with a YouGov survey commissioned for the People's Vote Campaign suggested that 69 per cent of those too young to vote at the time would choose to remain.
Of course, caveats abound, notably Kellner's assumption that no voters changed their minds between and today. Plus, we don't know how many younger people would actually turn out to vote, as they're traditionally less likely to cast their ballot.
He stressed that Kellner did not do the calculations for YouGov.



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Farage revoked that resignation shortly afterwards. While betting odds have consistently indicated an “In” victory in the referendum, opinion pollsters have so far painted contradictory pictures of how Britons will. to remain in the European Union soared to 78 percent on Monday, up from a range between 60 and 67 percent on Friday, according to Betfair betting odds. The odds of Britain voting to leave the European Union have tumbled following a frenzied period of Referendum betting. Recent patterns have. Not in the sense of a solution to the British withdrawal from the EU, but in role in the election campaign before the EU referendum on 23 June By the way, with a big British bookmaker last week the odds for a Brexit.





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